Posts archived in Media psychology


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If you go here, you can download a copy of one of the most famous radio broadcasts ever made: Orson Welles 1938 adaptation of ‘War Of The Worlds’, a drama that caused mass panic and hysteria when it was broadcast. Here’s what happened:

“On the evening of Sunday, October 30, 1938 – a month after the Munich – Orson Welles of the Mercury Theatre gave, over the Columbia Broadcasting System, a scheduled radio dramatization of an old fantasy by H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds. To make it vivid, he arranged it to simulate a current news broadcast. After an announcer had clearly explained the nature of the program, a voice gave a prosaic weather forecast; then another voice said that the program would be continued from a hotel, with dance music; shortly this music was interrupted by a “flash” to the effect that a professor at “Mount Jennings Observatory,” Chicago, reported seeing explosions at regular intervals on the planted Mars; then the listeners were “returned” in orthodox fashion “to the music of Ramon Raquello…a tune that never loses favor, the popular ‘Star Dust’”; then came an interview with an imaginary Princeton professor, with more information about disturbances on Mars – whereupon a series of further “news bulletins” described the arrival of Martians in huge metal cylinders which landed in New Jersey. The broadcast gathered speed, bulleting following bulletin. More Martians landed – an army of them, which quickly defeated the New Jersey State Militia. Presently the Martina attack was vividly described as being general all over the United States, with the population of New York evacuating the city and Martian heat-rays and flame-throwers and other diabolical devices causing terrific destruction, till all was laid to waste.”

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Matters of psychological interest conveyed for your convenience and edification in the modern realplayer format. Bought to you by the British Broadcasting Corporation and the wonders of the electronic interweb:

Solomon Asch – Conformity

Jean Piaget – The Three Mountains

Sir Frederic Bartlett – War of The Ghosts

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Professor Zimbardo was recently interviewed by The Independent outlining the parallels between his Stanford Prison study and incidents at Abu Ghraib. In the article (and his book The Lucifer Effect) Zimbardo provides interesting insights into the original study and the effect it has had on his life. “[Stanford] was a little week-long study,” he says, “but it has affected my whole life.” His thoughts are not all doom and gloom about human nature; where there are villains there are also heroes and his current interest lies in bringing out the good in all of us. Even Lucifer had the potential to be good as he was a fallen angel.

In April 2004 the manageress of a McDonalds restaurant in the US received a phone call from a man claiming to be a police officer, ‘Officer Scott’, telling her that one of her employees had been accused of stealing a purse. He said the girl could be searched at the store or taken to jail and searched there. The manageress agreed to perform the search in her locked office, directed at every step by Officer Scott. The ‘thief’ was stripped naked and her clothes removed from the office. The manageress asked why it was taking the police so long to turn up but Officer Scott said they were very busy. The ‘thief’ later said she was scared to leave because she felt she had to obey a higher authority.

When the manageress said she had to get back to work, Officer Scott asked if she had a boyfriend who could come in and take over. The manageress called her fiancé who came in and continued to obey Officer Scott’s instructions over the next two hours. The instructions included making the ‘thief’ do knee bends and stand on a desk, and slapping her backside if she refused. The series of humiliating ‘tasks’ culminated in forcing the girl to behave in a sexually indecent manner, all of which was recorded on CCTV.

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Ok, let’s put social influence research to the test:

If psychological theories in this area can explain anything, surely they must be able to explain advertising… This is, after all, a field in which ‘experts’ get paid ridiculous amounts of cash to influence the buying behaviour of us folk out here in society…

So can psychological concepts help us explain how adverts work? Let’s have a go with one of the original classics: ‘Happiness is Egg-Shaped’ with Tony Hancock (He was the Russell Brand of his day – only less hairy… ask your Grandad)


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A clip from the classic obedience studies conducted by Stanley Milgram. If you haven’t studied this experiment already on your psychology course, you can pretty much guarantee that you will at some point.

The studies are controversial because of ethical concerns: Did Milgram do enough to look after his participants? The conventional argument is no, he did not, mainly because he deceived his participants and this was morally wrong. He didn’t tell them what the study was about, they thought they’d harmed someone and so on….

But there’s another point of view that says something along the lines of :‘Y’know what?, maybe this is something psychological thinkers and writers worry about, whereas the people actually involved in the studies really aren’t that bothered. In fact, if anything they enjoy being deceived and feel they learn more from such studies’…

What do you think?